"From 7 months to 7 days: 7 Rural Banks Slash Loan Approval Periods"
FIRST+II Program, Ghana
For decades, the journey for a Ghanaian smallholder farmer or a rural entrepreneur to obtain a bank loan was a marathon – the process could take more than 7 months from the first application to final disbursement. Ghanaian rural banks frequently require clients to build up savings deposits for 6 months, after which they may submit a loan application; banks then determine applicants’ repayment capacity based on their monthly savings. After applying for a loan, clients often wait another 3 to 8 weeks for their applications to be approved and disbursed, adding up to at least 7 months to access much-needed finance.
Because their money is tied up in the required savings account, prospective borrowers cannot use it for their businesses. For a farmer wanting to buy seeds before the rains or a trader needing inventory for a peak season, this delay can be a recipe for business failure.
Today, that narrative is changing. Under the FIRST+II program, a strategic partnership between CapPlus and the Mastercard Foundation, seven Ghanaian rural banks have successfully compressed that 7-month ordeal into a 7-day cruise to loan disbursements.

The FIRST+II Solution
The FIRST+II program was designed to solve systemic barriers such as these, and does so by delivering capacity building and technical innovation. The FIRST+II’s team designed and is now deploying an unsecured MSME loan product grounded in cash flow-based lending. While the model itself is not new, it is novel to most rural banks in Ghana.
CapPlus has also developed and installed the Integrated Creditworthiness Appraisal Module (iCAM) as the primary appraisal tool to assess borrowers’ ability and willingness to pay. iCAM is an automated system tailored for each bank that replaces the 6-month mandatory deposit with a thorough analysis of standard customer data that ensures quality appraisals, speed, equity and transparency. Credit officers are also well-trained in understanding iCAM’s assessments and borrowers’ financial situations.
Impact on Businesses, Women, and Youth
In the first four months of implementation, the seven banks achieved an average 6.8-day turnaround time from application to disbursement and loaned GHS 8.98 million to 438 farmers and businesses. Women and youth especially benefit since they tend to have less collateral and savings: women received 74% of the loans and 66% of the total loan value, and youth received 33% of the loans and 23% of the total loan value. By reducing the waiting period, banks have also seen a surge in first-time borrowers, especially people younger than 36 years.